REDesastres
[redesastres-l] Pakistan: cancer de los citicos en mandarina
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| Creado en 12 Enero 2016
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Subject: | [redesastres-l] Pakistan: cancer de los citicos en mandarina |
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Date: | Tue, 12 Jan 2016 06:53:32 -0500 |
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. CITRUS CANKER, MANDARIN - PAKISTAN: (PUNJAB) ******************************************** A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org> Date: Mon 11 Jan 2016 Source: The Express Tribune [edited] <http://tribune.com.pk/story/1025345/an-unprofitable-harvest-citrus-canker-damaged-this-years-crop/> The 2015 kinnow [mandarin] yield was markedly low compared to previous years because of various plant diseases that plagued citrus orchards in the Punjab, Kinnow Growers' Association's Hamid Saleem Warraich said. "Citrus canker, one of the most devastating plant diseases, spread like wild fire across the kinnow production belt." He said farmers had to bear the brunt of the damage. "Almost 64 per cent of citrus fruit grown in the Punjab is kinnow." Several commercial citrus varieties were highly susceptible to the disease, and kinnow was the most vulnerable. He requested the government to conduct thorough research and look for solutions to prevent citrus canker. -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail < Esta dirección de correo electrónico está protegida contra spambots. Usted necesita tener Javascript activado para poder verla. >'; document.write(''); document.write(addy_text28195); document.write('<\/a>'); //-->\n Esta dirección de correo electrónico está protegida contra spambots. Usted necesita tener Javascript activado para poder verla. ; [Citrus canker (CC) is caused by the bacterium _Xanthomonas axonopodis_ pathovar _citri_ (synonyms _X. campestris_ pv. _citri_, _X. citri_). The disease originated in Asia but is now present in most citrus growing areas worldwide, except Australia, where an outbreak was successfully eradicated (ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20090206.0528). CC affects most commercial citrus varieties as well as other members of the family _Rutaceae_. A number of different strains (pathovars) specialise in infecting different hosts to cause bacterial blights in, for example, pomegranate and onion. CC can destroy an entire crop and poses a serious economic threat to citrus industries. Symptoms may include blister-like formations (cankers) on fruit, leaves and branches leading to defoliation and premature fruit drop, as well as twig dieback and general tree decline. Although the taste of the fruit is not affected, it cannot be sold or processed. The bacterium can be transmitted by mechanical means, water or insects within groves, while long-distance spread occurs mostly by infected plant material. Disease management relies mainly on phytosanitation and use of clean planting and grafting material but may also include bactericidal sprays and use of less susceptible crop varieties. Planting of windbreaks to reduce the number of insects present in groves that can cause wounds on leaf surfaces serving as ports of pathogen entry may also be used to reduce CC incidence. In Pakistan, an outbreak of citrus canker in this area was reported initially in early 2015 in orange groves (ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20150415.3298470). It is not surprising that kinnow mandarins (_Citrus nobilis_ x _C. deliciosa_ hybrid) and other citrus crops would also be affected. A group of strains of the related _X. a._ pv. _aurantifolii_ originating in South America causes a similar disease in some locations, but it is much less widespread and of lower economic significance. Maps Pakistan (with provinces): <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/pakistan_pol_2002.jpg> Punjab districts: <http://www.pakworkers.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Map-of-Punjab-Province-district-wise-in-Pakistan.jpg> Pictures CC symptoms: <http://idtools.org/id/citrus/diseases/images/fs_images/04CitrusCanker.jpg> (citrus leaves and fruit), <http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/advanced/topics/EcologyAndEpidemiologyInR/DiseaseProgress/PublishingImages/citrusCanker.jpg> (grapefruit fruit) and <http://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1262024.jpg> (leaf lesions, close up) Links CC disease description and information: <http://www.apsnet.org/EDCENTER/ADVANCED/TOPICS/ECOLOGYANDEPIDEMIOLOGYINR/DISEASEPROGRESS/Pages/CitrusCanker.aspx>, <http://idtools.org/id/citrus/diseases/factsheet.php?name=Citrus%20canker> (with photos) and <http://www.floridagardener.com/misc/canker.htm> CC factsheet, including information on strains: <http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/56921> CC disease cycle: <http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/search/image/element/sample/gottwald11.gif> _X. a._ pv. _citri_ taxonomy: <http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/190486> List of citrus hybrids: <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/hybrid-citrus-fruits.html> - Mod.DHA A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/140>.] [See Also: 2015 ---- Citrus canker - USA: (TX) re-emerging http://promedmail.org/post/20151106.3771100 Citrus canker - Pakistan: (PB) http://promedmail.org/post/20150415.3298470 2013 ---- Citrus canker - USA: (LA) http://promedmail.org/post/20130712.1821488 2010 ---- Citrus canker, grapefruit - USA: (FL) http://promedmail.org/post/20100126.0284 2009 ---- Citrus canker - Australia: (QLD) eradicated http://promedmail.org/post/20090206.0528 2008 ---- Citrus canker - Mali, Somalia: 1st reports http://promedmail.org/post/20080626.1970 2007
-------- Forwarded Message --------
Subject: | [redesastres-l] Pakistan: cancer de los citicos en mandarina |
---|---|
Date: | Tue, 12 Jan 2016 06:53:32 -0500 |
From: | Esta dirección de correo electrónico está protegida contra spambots. Usted necesita tener Javascript activado para poder verla. |
To: | Esta dirección de correo electrónico está protegida contra spambots. Usted necesita tener Javascript activado para poder verla. |
. CITRUS CANKER, MANDARIN - PAKISTAN: (PUNJAB) ******************************************** A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org> ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org> Date: Mon 11 Jan 2016 Source: The Express Tribune [edited] <http://tribune.com.pk/story/1025345/an-unprofitable-harvest-citrus-canker-damaged-this-years-crop/> The 2015 kinnow [mandarin] yield was markedly low compared to previous years because of various plant diseases that plagued citrus orchards in the Punjab, Kinnow Growers' Association's Hamid Saleem Warraich said. "Citrus canker, one of the most devastating plant diseases, spread like wild fire across the kinnow production belt." He said farmers had to bear the brunt of the damage. "Almost 64 per cent of citrus fruit grown in the Punjab is kinnow." Several commercial citrus varieties were highly susceptible to the disease, and kinnow was the most vulnerable. He requested the government to conduct thorough research and look for solutions to prevent citrus canker. -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail < Esta dirección de correo electrónico está protegida contra spambots. Usted necesita tener Javascript activado para poder verla. >'; document.write(''); document.write(addy_text18925); document.write('<\/a>'); //-->\n Esta dirección de correo electrónico está protegida contra spambots. Usted necesita tener Javascript activado para poder verla. ; [Citrus canker (CC) is caused by the bacterium _Xanthomonas axonopodis_ pathovar _citri_ (synonyms _X. campestris_ pv. _citri_, _X. citri_). The disease originated in Asia but is now present in most citrus growing areas worldwide, except Australia, where an outbreak was successfully eradicated (ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20090206.0528). CC affects most commercial citrus varieties as well as other members of the family _Rutaceae_. A number of different strains (pathovars) specialise in infecting different hosts to cause bacterial blights in, for example, pomegranate and onion. CC can destroy an entire crop and poses a serious economic threat to citrus industries. Symptoms may include blister-like formations (cankers) on fruit, leaves and branches leading to defoliation and premature fruit drop, as well as twig dieback and general tree decline. Although the taste of the fruit is not affected, it cannot be sold or processed. The bacterium can be transmitted by mechanical means, water or insects within groves, while long-distance spread occurs mostly by infected plant material. Disease management relies mainly on phytosanitation and use of clean planting and grafting material but may also include bactericidal sprays and use of less susceptible crop varieties. Planting of windbreaks to reduce the number of insects present in groves that can cause wounds on leaf surfaces serving as ports of pathogen entry may also be used to reduce CC incidence. In Pakistan, an outbreak of citrus canker in this area was reported initially in early 2015 in orange groves (ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20150415.3298470). It is not surprising that kinnow mandarins (_Citrus nobilis_ x _C. deliciosa_ hybrid) and other citrus crops would also be affected. A group of strains of the related _X. a._ pv. _aurantifolii_ originating in South America causes a similar disease in some locations, but it is much less widespread and of lower economic significance. Maps Pakistan (with provinces): <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/pakistan_pol_2002.jpg> Punjab districts: <http://www.pakworkers.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Map-of-Punjab-Province-district-wise-in-Pakistan.jpg> Pictures CC symptoms: <http://idtools.org/id/citrus/diseases/images/fs_images/04CitrusCanker.jpg> (citrus leaves and fruit), <http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/advanced/topics/EcologyAndEpidemiologyInR/DiseaseProgress/PublishingImages/citrusCanker.jpg> (grapefruit fruit) and <http://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1262024.jpg> (leaf lesions, close up) Links CC disease description and information: <http://www.apsnet.org/EDCENTER/ADVANCED/TOPICS/ECOLOGYANDEPIDEMIOLOGYINR/DISEASEPROGRESS/Pages/CitrusCanker.aspx>, <http://idtools.org/id/citrus/diseases/factsheet.php?name=Citrus%20canker> (with photos) and <http://www.floridagardener.com/misc/canker.htm> CC factsheet, including information on strains: <http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/56921> CC disease cycle: <http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/search/image/element/sample/gottwald11.gif> _X. a._ pv. _citri_ taxonomy: <http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/190486> List of citrus hybrids: <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/hybrid-citrus-fruits.html> - Mod.DHA A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/140>.] [See Also: 2015 ---- Citrus canker - USA: (TX) re-emerging http://promedmail.org/post/20151106.3771100 Citrus canker - Pakistan: (PB) http://promedmail.org/post/20150415.3298470 2013 ---- Citrus canker - USA: (LA) http://promedmail.org/post/20130712.1821488 2010 ---- Citrus canker, grapefruit - USA: (FL) http://promedmail.org/post/20100126.0284 2009 ---- Citrus canker - Australia: (QLD) eradicated http://promedmail.org/post/20090206.0528 2008 ---- Citrus canker - Mali, Somalia: 1st reports http://promedmail.org/post/20080626.1970 2007